The former Rotherham, Coventry and Barnsley boss was presented at a press conference at Glanford Park at Monday lunchtime.
Robins has been out of work since leaving Huddersfield after the opening day of the season, when his team were beaten 4-0 at home to Bournemouth.
The 44-year-old has taken over from Russ Wilcox, who was sacked last Wednesday with the team sitting bottom of the table.
Robins, who has signed a three-year deal, watched Scunthorpe beat 10-man Gillingham at Priestfield Stadium on Saturday.
He said: "First and foremost, I'm delighted. I watched the game on Saturday and was very encouraged with what I saw.
"Gillingham is not an easy place to go and we controlled that game. To gain a job, someone has to lose a job and Russ did a fantastic job last season and has brought in some great players.
"It's exciting times for the football club. Injuries have caused us problems, so we have to get those players back.
"Every job is a different challenge. But saying that, it's the same challenge, we have to start picking points up.
"There are reasons to be optimistic within the squad but obviously there are areas to be worked on. That will be an ongoing thing.
"There are no panic stations yet. We've got a lot of games left and we will put in a plan to not only get out of this but play exciting football."